Food and chemical Toxicology deals with the fungal toxins, pesticide residues, food additives, heavy metals, pharmacokinetics, chronic disorders and drug interactions.  Food and chemical Toxicology deals with the process of the chemical and biochemical which influences the toxicity of chemicals which develop tools in the microbial and chemical food safety. Mechanisms of toxicant like the induced cell proliferation, differentiation, or death.

Most of the potential drugs would show some toxicity like skin rashes, nausea in a heterogenous human population, as alongside of animal studies in a homogenous group. In general toxicology as determined by in vivo experiments, safety pharmacology  which effects on the major organ systems like the  cardiovascular and genetic toxicity test  studies which  assess the development of novel pharmaceuticals requires non clinical safety studies which are to be  performed on candidate drugs. Discovery safety assessment of drug projects can be done in two areas the first one is target-related safety and then chemical related safety.

A forensic toxicologist is concerned with the dead human, examining the cause of death, using the same methods as the clinical toxicologist. The forensic toxicologist can be called a medico legal scientist. Forensic Toxicology focuses on the medical and legal aspects of the chemical exposure and toxic injury. If one focuses solely on arsenic, the development of bio-analytical forensic toxicology is easily clear. Analytical methods that offer the considerable developments in the selectivity and sensitivity became of practical and shallow the availability to the forensic toxicologist.

Pharmacology is the study of the science of drug action on the organic systems. In its total, it holds the information of the bases, chemical properties, biological effects and therapeutic uses of drugs. It is a science which is basic not only to medicine but also to other fields like pharmacy, nursing, dentistry and veterinary medicine. Toxicology has been defined as the study of the adverse effects of the xenobiotic which is a borrowing science that evolved from the ancient poisoners. Modern Toxicology goes beyond the adverse effects to the study of molecular biology

Toxicology studies are mainly done to elucidate the cellular and biochemical effects of toxins and are done by the Toxicologist who is an individual response for forecasting the toxic or unsafe nature of a substance by planning tests that will supply the data necessary to measure the toxicity of materials. These data help toxicologists make predictions about the dangerous nature of materials tested and their possible influence on the environment and on human populations. Acute toxicity, chronic, and generative tests are the key principal experiments conducted by the toxicologists

Environmental Toxicology deals with the harmful effects of various chemical, biological and physical agents on the living organisms. The harmful effects of the chemical agents which include various toxins from pollutants, pesticides and fertilizers which can impact an organism and its community. It also include how the chemicals move through ecosystems and how they are absorbed and metabolized by plants and animals, the mechanisms by which they cause disease, result in congenital defects, or poison organisms

Human Toxicology deals with the toxicology of an element which is dependent on the kinetics of the interaction of the element in ionized form or as an organic compound of the element with the human organism. In Human Toxicology the effects of the chemicals on the individuals are the main concern. The effects of the pesticides and the exposure of the hazardous chemicals on the human in the environment is human toxicology. A clinical toxicologist is concerned with the action of chemicals on human system and he will have to attend on someone who has taken in a lot more drugs than one should normally have or a dose of pesticide to bring an end to one's life.

Health Toxicology includes the exposure of organisms to toxic agents, as well as inspection of the molecular processes that are compressed by these exposures with a different stress exposure to metals. Health Toxicology deals with isotopic alignment of toxic agents, exposure paths and toxic consequences for key molecular and cellular mechanisms. Health risk evaluators apply rigorous data analysis, quantitative exposure assessment, toxicological expertise, and common sense which are most challenging issues within the framework of existing regulatory guidance

The toxicologic pathology studies the adverse environmental exposure responses in aquatic organisms, animals, and humans. Toxicologic pathology includes recognizing the injury at the cellular and molecular levels to identify the health results of the adverse effects of drugs, chemicals, and therapeutic devices on genetics, nutrition, immune function, evolving biology, reproduction, and brain development. The toxicologic pathology is heavily involved in development and safety assessment of new candidate drugs, over the counter herbal products, and genetically improved foods with a primary objective of refining human, animal, and environmental health.

Pharmacology deals with the basis, properties of action, physiological action and therapeutics uses of drugs. Applied pharmacology helps to measure the data obtained from the clinical studies and can correlate it with the clinical processes. Also to provide explanation for different drugs having connected with the pharmacological action. It Provides clarifications about drug interactions and to clarify the action of various drugs on the many organs in the body when they are diseased state with side effects contradictions.

Risk Assessment is needed to prevent people from danger who are in working places and also to reduce the risks which are happening in the labs or workplaces. These help to set out the guidelines to what we should do and not do within a lab for safety purpose. These are to evaluate the toxicity of the individual chemical ingredients of the formulation used to manufacture the product. Toxicology data helps to estimate the risk of exposure to certain chemicals.

Toxicology Consulting do the expert toxicological and regulatory consulting for the pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical device companies. It is for the complex development, toxicological, and regulatory issues. The Toxicologist looks at the impact that toxic resources and radiation has on the environment and human and animal health. Toxicology Consultants are the independently practicing toxicologists dedicated to solve the problems of clients on the basis of good science

Systems Toxicology is the modern strategies to gain the mechanistic knowledge by combining the advanced analytical and computational tools. Also, the Systems Toxicology is a means for the identification and application of biomarkers for better safety assessments. In Systems Toxicology the quantitative systems are wide molecular changes in the context of an exposure are restrained and a causal chain of molecular events linking exposures with adverse outcomes

Toxicity can be caused by biochemical, physical factors. The cause of toxicity can be found arising naturally within the surroundings. It may be the attentiveness or synergistic effect that makes these factors exceed the tolerance of the test organisms. Toxic response, particularly notified when accompanied by unpredictable or inverted data The selection of dose levels for sub chronic studies should be based on the results of acute toxicity testing, on range-finding studies, and on pharmacokinetic data. The highest dose levels for these studies should be at a maximum tolerated dose as determined in the appropriate test species and from pharmacokinetic information on the material being tested.

Genetic toxicology deals with the effects of chemical, physical and biological agents on the heredity of living organisms. It is the study of the toxic effects of injury to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Genetic information, programmed chemically in DNA and is maintained, replicated and transmitted to successive generations with high fidelity. The valuation of genetic toxicity is a significant factor in the safety evaluation. The main mechanism is genotoxic chemicals produce genetic damage at sub toxic levels and DNA replication itself can introduce errors via incorrect base substitution a process that can be exacerbated by some genotoxic agents.

Toxicology Advances features the latest advances in various aspects of the experimental and biochemical effects which effects in the field of toxicology.  The new technologies that are being harnessed to analyse and understand these events will also be studied by primary workers in the field. Advances in Toxicology will report progress in all aspects of these rapidly evolving aspects of toxicology with a view toward detailed elucidation of both progress and on the advances in technological approaches employed. 

The Global Market of the Toxicology is driven by the increase in the number of the drugs under development and the growing focus on the reducing drug development costs. The global market of in-vitro toxicology testing is subdivided into manufacturing, skill, method, application and geography. The emergence of cell-based assays in the drug development process has allowed the drug manufacturers to use the right technology in conducting toxicology testing and reduce the duration of the drug approval process.

Pharmacovigilance is the main essential part of the research work. Both in the clinical trials safety and post marketing these pharmacovigilance are important throughout the product lifecycle. Pharmacovigilance is the science and activities relating to the prevention of adverse reactions to drugs or any other drug-related problems. The global pharmacovigilance market is on the basis of type of methods, service providers, and geography.

Toxicology tests are used to regulate whether and how many legal or illegal drugs a person has taken. If the screening test indicates the person may have had drugs in his or her body, further tests are required to figure out what kind of drugs and in what amount. The toxicologist reviews the evidence and determines whether drugs found in the body are the reason enough to kill an individual. That report is submitted to the coroner or medical examiner