Toxicology

Biography

Biography: Bharti Chogtu

Abstract

Adverse cutaneous reactions to drugs affect about 2-3% of all hospitalized patients. Maculopapular rash is one of the most frequent cutaneous clinical manifestation of non-immediate allergic reactions due to drugs. This study was done to analyze drug induced maculopapular rashes in patients in a tertiary care hospital. It was a prospective study done in patients having maculopapular rashes secondary to drugs for a period of six months. The data was recorded which included demography of the patients, drugs which were implicated in these reactions. The cutaneous adverse drug reactions were then assessed for determining causality and severity. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data. A total of 104 patients of drug induced maculopapular rashes were included. The age of the patients ranged from 2-73 years with a median range of 39 years (IQ 21.25-51.75). Males constituted 52.88% of total patients. The most common group of drugs causing maculopapular rash was antimicrobial agents (42.3%) followed by antiepileptics (20%) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (14.4%). Of antimicrobial agents, amoxicillin was the most common causative agent followed by antitubercular drugs and nevirapine. Of all the individual drugs, phenytoin was implicated in maximum number (14.4%) of drug reactions. As per WHO causality assessment, 75% of the adverse reactions were possible, 24% probable and 1% certain. The severity of adverse drug reactions was moderate in 85.5% and the remaining reactions were categorized as mild. The offending drug was stopped in 84.6% of patients. 89.4% patients had recovered whereas adverse event continued in the remaining at the time of reporting. Thus, there is a need to monitor cutaneous adverse drug reactions by physicians prescribing antimicrobials and antiepileptics.