Javier Del Pino
Javier Del Pino
Title: Amitraz changes NE levels mediated by blocking estrogenic action in CNS of male rats
Submitted Date: 12-06-2017
Biography
Javier Del Pino received his PharmD degree at the University Complutense University of Madrid in 2004. He has two Master’s in Sciences degrees 2009 and 2010. He specialized in neurotoxicology and neurodevelopmental toxicology and received his PhD in Toxicology in 2009. In 2010, he worked in Institute of Health Carlos III in the National Center of Environmental Health. From 2010 to 2012, he was Associate Researcher at University of Massachusetts (UMASS) working in Sandra Petersen´s Lab in a National Institute of Health (NIH) project on developmental effects of TCDD endocrine disruptor on sexual differentiation. In 2016, he got a position as Associated Professor of Toxicology at the Complutense University of Madrid.
Abstract
Amitraz is a formamidine insecticide/acaricide that alters different neurotransmitters levels, among other neurotoxic effects. Oral amitraz exposure (20, 50 and 80 mg/kg bw, 5 days) has been reported to increase norepinephrine (NE) content and to decrease its metabolite and turnover rates in the male rat brain, particularly in the striatum, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus. However, the mechanisms by which these alterations are produced are not completely understood. Amitraz alters estradiol concentrations in the brain that regulate the enzymes responsible for this neurotransmitter synthesis and metabolism. Thus, alterations in estradiol levels in the brain could mediate the observed effects. To test these hypothesis regarding possible mechanisms, we treated male rats with 20, 50 and 80 mg/kg bw for 5 days with or without tamoxifen (TMX, 1 mg/kg bw), a selective estrogen receptor antagonist, and then isolated tissue from striatum, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus. We then measured tissue levels of NE neurotransmitter. Amitraz produced a dose-dependent increase of the NE levels in all brain regions studied compared to the control group. The increase of NE ranged from highest to lowest in striatum, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Moreover, amitraz induced a dose-dependent decrease of MHPG metabolite content and its turnover rate (MHPG/NE) in all brain regions studied compared to the control group. MHPG decrease ranged from highest to lowest in prefrontal cortex, striatum and hippocampus and turnover rate decrease ranged from highest to lowest in striatum, prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. TMX co-treatment with amitraz partially reversed the change in NE neurotransmitter and its metabolite levels as well as the turnover rates induced by amitraz alone in all brain regions studied. Our present results provide new understanding of the mechanisms contributing to the harmful effects of amitraz.
Javier Del Pino
Complutense University, Spain
Title: Permanent effects on monoaminergic neurotransmitters biosynthesis and metabolism after prenatal and postnatal exposure to Chlordimeform, in female and male rat’s prefrontal cortex
Submitted Date: 12-06-2017
Biography
Javier Del Pino has received his PharmD degree at the University Complutense University of Madrid in 2004. He has specialized in Neurotoxicology and Neurodevelopmental Toxicology and received his PhD in Toxicology in 2009. In 2010, he has worked in Institute of Health Carlos III in the National Center of Environmental Health. From 2010 to 2012, he was an Associate Researcher at University of Massachusetts (UMASS) working in Sandra Petersen´s Lab in a National Institute of Health (NIH) project on developmental effects of TCDD endocrine disruptor on sexual differentiation. In 2016, he became Associate Professor of Toxicology at the Complutense University of Madrid, Spain.
Abstract
Formamidine pesticides induce permanent sex and region-dependent effects on development of monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems. The mechanisms that induce these effects are not known, but it has been suggested that these effects could be related to monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition. However, chlordimeform, a formamidine pesticide, is a very weak MAO inhibitor, which suggests that other mechanism should be involved. In this regard, formamidines, in general and chlordimeform, in particular, may alter the expression of the enzymes that mediate the synthesis and metabolism of monoaminergic neurotransmitters systems. Therefore, an alteration of these enzymes in the brain could mediate the effects observed. In order to confirm that the formamidines produce permanent alterations of the monoamine neurotransmitter systems by alteration of the expression of the enzymes that synthesize and/or metabolize these neurotransmitters, we evaluated, in frontal cortex of male and female rats, the effect on the expression of MAO, COMT, BDH, TH, TRH and AD enzymes at 60 days of age after maternal exposure to chlordimeform (5 mg/kg body weight). Chlordimeform induced a significant decrease in the expression of the enzymes TRH and TH in both males and females. We determined a bigger increase in the expression of TH [35, 66% (P<0,001)] and TRH [42, 14% (P<0,001)] enzymes in males than in females. Chlordimeform treatment did not alter the expression of MAO, COMT, AD, BDH enzymes. The present findings indicate that after maternal exposure to formamidines, in general and chlordimeform, in particular, induces a permanent alteration of monoaminergic neurotransmitters, through alteration of the enzymes that synthetize these neurotransmitters.